A Medical and Nursing Case

Ewing’s sarcoma and peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) are the same entity, displaying varying degrees of neuroectodermal differentiation. They arise from mesenchymal progenitor cells and are part of a spectrum of neoplastic diseases, known as Ewing’s family of tumors (EFT) [1]. EFT are characterized by reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22, t (11; 22), and are usually seen in osseous sites, both axial and appendicular. Extra-osseous presentations are uncommon, with specifically PNET of the female genital tract being very rare. The most common site of PNET in the female genital tract is the ovary, with the uterine corpus being the second most common. Primary PNET of the cervix and vulva are extremely rare. In this article, we present a case of primary PNET tumor of the cervix. The rarity of this entity can lead to diagnostic difficulties. In our case, it was initially diagnosed as a neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the cervix. We also summarize a literature review of all the cases  in the English language.